Cordless drills fall into three basic categories: lightweight, general-use and heavy-duty. Think about how you plan to use your drill — not just today, but down the line as your skills and confidence grow, and along with them the scope of your DIY projects. Lightweight drills are basically a step-up from a power screwdriver. General-use drills can handle a wide array of drilling and driving tasks. Heavy-duty drills deliver the professional-grade power needed to bore through thick lumber, metal and masonry.
You can differentiate between the three categories by weighing the following factors.
✔️ Battery power: Measured in volts, this spec will be clearly listed on the box and website, often as part of the cordless drill’s model name. Lightweight drills are typically in the 8- to 12-volt range, enough to assemble flat-pack furniture. General-use drills are usually 18- or 20-volt, which can drill into most materials. The batteries on heavy-duty drills are 24 volts and up, good for driving larger lag bolts.
- Note: While we’re talking batteries, it’s important to include that many brands have expansive battery platforms, meaning the same battery can be used across many power tools. This is helpful when building up your tool collection. It’s also why you often see cordless drills sold as “bare tool only,” meaning the battery is not included. This is for those shoppers who already have the battery from other power equipment from the same brand.
✔️ Speed vs. torque: These two specs, which are usually listed on the packaging and website product page, are key indicators of overall performance. Measured in RPMs, (short for "revolutions per minute"), speed tells you how fast the drill motor can spin. Torque, measured in inch pounds, indicates how much force the motor generates as it spins. Speed is good for drilling into softer materials (think: DIY projects), while torque is good for driving into harder materials (think: heavy-duty construction). Drills with adjustable-speed settings are the most versatile, since they let you adjust the ratio or speed to torque as needed.
✔️ Weight: When it comes to handheld power tools, the difference between a couple pounds can add up, especially over the course of a long project. Lightweight drills cause the least fatigue, weighing 3 pounds or less. General-use drills are in the 3- to 6-pound range. Heavy-duty drills, with their beefy motors and more rugged construction, usually weigh 7 pounds and up.
✔️ Chuck size: The chuck is the three-pronged clamp at the tip of the drill that holds the drill bit. The larger the chuck, the bigger the bit it can hold and the more tasks it can handle. Chuck sizes on lightweight drills start at 1/4-inch, general-use drills have 3/8- to 1/2-inch chucks and heavy-duty drills have chuck sizes that are 1/2-inch and up. One more point on chucks: Most cordless drills these days have a “keyless chuck,” meaning you can tighten them by hand. But some heavy-duty drills still use a key, a small tool that’s used to tighten and loosen the jaws of the chuck.
✔️ Price: Though there are plenty of exceptions to the rule, generally speaking, the more you spend on a drill the more power and performance you can expect. Quality lightweight cordless drills range from $75 to $150. The best general-use drills are between $150 and $250. And top-performing heavy-duty drills are $300 and up.
✔️ Feature set: Many of the features that our experts say matter most can be found in all three categories of cordless drills.
- Contoured grip: Whether made of plastic or rubber, a molded grip can help reduce hand fatigue when you have a lot of holes to drill or screws to drive.
- LED light: The integrated LED is helpful when you’re working in low-light situations.
- Side handle: Good for heavier construction, the handle can be attached and removed as needed. It comes in handy when boring larger or deep holes through framing lumber or other thick material.
- Rapid charger: Some drills are sold with a second rapid charger that can replenish the battery charge in a matter of minutes.